1. What is Power Supply Voltage After Full Scaling?

Power Supply Voltage after Full Scaling is defined as the value of power supply after the full scaling process done in MOSFET. It represents the adjusted voltage level required to maintain proper transistor operation when device dimensions are scaled down.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( VDD' \) — Power Supply Voltage after Full Scaling (Volt)
• \( VDD \) — Original Supply Voltage (Volt)
• \( Sf \) — Scaling Factor (Unitless)

Explanation: The scaling factor is defined as the ratio by which the dimensions of the transistor are changed during the design process. As dimensions scale down, the supply voltage must also be reduced proportionally to maintain proper device operation and prevent excessive electric fields.

3. Importance of VLSI Scaling

Details: Voltage scaling is crucial in VLSI design to achieve higher integration density, reduce power consumption, and maintain device reliability. Proper voltage scaling ensures that electric fields remain within safe limits while enabling continued Moore's Law progression.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the original supply voltage in volts and the scaling factor (must be greater than 0). The calculator will compute the scaled supply voltage required for the reduced device dimensions.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is voltage scaling necessary in MOSFET design?
A: Voltage scaling is necessary to prevent excessive electric fields that could cause device breakdown, hot carrier effects, and reliability issues when transistor dimensions are reduced.

Q2: What is a typical scaling factor value?
A: Scaling factors typically range from 1.2 to 2.0, depending on the technology node and specific design requirements.

Q3: How does voltage scaling affect power consumption?
A: Reducing supply voltage significantly decreases dynamic power consumption, as power is proportional to the square of the voltage (P ∝ V²).

Q4: Are there limitations to voltage scaling?
A: Yes, voltage scaling is limited by threshold voltage constraints, subthreshold leakage, and performance requirements. Excessive scaling can lead to increased delay and reduced noise margins.

Q5: How does this relate to Dennard scaling?
A: This formula implements part of Dennard's scaling theory, which states that as transistor dimensions scale by a factor S, voltages should scale by the same factor to maintain constant electric fields.