1. What is Pressure Gradient?

The Pressure Gradient refers to the rate of change of pressure in a particular direction, indicating how quickly the pressure increases or decreases around a specific location in a fluid flow system.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• Mean Velocity — Average velocity of the fluid (m/s)
• Dynamic Viscosity — Internal resistance of fluid to flow (Pa·s)
• Pipe Radius — Radius of the pipe through which fluid flows (m)

Explanation: This formula calculates the pressure gradient in a pipe flow based on the mean velocity of the fluid, its dynamic viscosity, and the pipe radius.

3. Importance of Pressure Gradient Calculation

Details: Pressure gradient calculation is essential for understanding fluid flow behavior, designing piping systems, predicting pressure drops, and optimizing energy consumption in fluid transport systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter mean velocity in m/s, dynamic viscosity in Pa·s, and pipe radius in meters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the physical significance of pressure gradient?
A: Pressure gradient indicates the direction and rate of pressure change in a fluid system, which drives fluid flow from high to low pressure regions.

Q2: How does pipe radius affect pressure gradient?
A: Pressure gradient is inversely proportional to the square of pipe radius. Smaller pipes result in higher pressure gradients for the same flow conditions.

Q3: What are typical units for pressure gradient?
A: Pressure gradient is typically measured in Pascals per meter (Pa/m) or Newtons per cubic meter (N/m³).

Q4: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula is valid for laminar flow in circular pipes where the flow is fully developed and steady.

Q5: How does viscosity affect pressure gradient?
A: Higher viscosity fluids require larger pressure gradients to maintain the same flow rate due to increased internal resistance to flow.