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Internal Pressure Intensity is the pressure exerted by a liquid to the internal walls of the substance. It is a crucial parameter in fluid mechanics that describes the force per unit area inside droplets, bubbles, and capillary tubes.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula describes the relationship between surface tension, radius, and the internal pressure within a droplet or bubble. The pressure increases with higher surface tension and decreases with larger radius.
Details: Accurate pressure calculation is essential for understanding fluid behavior in small systems, designing microfluidic devices, studying biological systems, and various industrial applications involving droplets and bubbles.
Tips: Enter surface tension in N/m and radius in meters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for valid calculation.
Q1: Why does pressure increase with smaller radius?
A: Smaller radius creates higher curvature, which increases the pressure difference across the liquid interface due to surface tension effects.
Q2: What are typical surface tension values?
A: Water at room temperature has surface tension of approximately 0.072 N/m, while mercury has about 0.465 N/m.
Q3: Does this formula apply to all fluids?
A: The formula applies to Newtonian fluids with constant surface tension. For non-Newtonian fluids or fluids with varying surface tension, additional considerations are needed.
Q4: What is the significance of the factor 2 in the formula?
A: The factor 2 accounts for the two surfaces (inner and outer) of the liquid film in bubbles, or the spherical symmetry in droplets.
Q5: Can this be used for soap bubbles?
A: Yes, but note that soap bubbles have two surfaces, so the pressure difference is actually \( p_i = \frac{4 \times \sigma}{r_t} \) for soap bubbles.