1. What is Bernoulli's Equation?

Bernoulli's equation describes the relationship between pressure, velocity, and elevation in a flowing fluid. It states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in fluid speed occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Bernoulli's equation:

Where:

• \( P_1 \) — Pressure at point 1 (Pa)
• \( P_2 \) — Pressure at point 2 (Pa)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( V_1 \) — Velocity at point 1 (m/s)
• \( V_2 \) — Velocity at point 2 (m/s)

Explanation: This simplified form of Bernoulli's equation assumes horizontal flow with no elevation change and neglects friction losses.

3. Importance of Pressure Calculation

Details: Accurate pressure calculation is crucial for designing fluid systems, predicting flow behavior, and ensuring proper operation of pumps, pipes, and other hydraulic components.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent SI units. Pressure in Pascals (Pa), density in kg/m³, and velocities in m/s. All values must be positive, with density greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What assumptions are made in this equation?
A: The equation assumes steady, incompressible, inviscid flow along a streamline with no elevation change and no energy addition or loss.

Q2: When is Bernoulli's equation applicable?
A: It applies to ideal fluid flow situations where friction losses are negligible and the flow is steady and incompressible.

Q3: What are typical density values for common fluids?
A: Water: ~1000 kg/m³, Air: ~1.2 kg/m³, Mercury: ~13500 kg/m³ at standard conditions.

Q4: How does velocity affect pressure?
A: According to Bernoulli's principle, pressure decreases as velocity increases, and vice versa, for horizontal flow.

Q5: What are the limitations of this simplified equation?
A: It doesn't account for elevation changes, friction losses, compressibility effects, or energy transfers in the system.