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Pressure in liquid jet is defined as the force applied perpendicular to the surface of a jet per unit area over which that force is distributed. It represents the internal pressure within a liquid jet due to surface tension effects.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the pressure inside a liquid jet caused by surface tension forces. The pressure is inversely proportional to the jet diameter and directly proportional to the surface tension.
Details: Calculating pressure in liquid jets is crucial for understanding fluid dynamics, designing spray systems, analyzing inkjet printing technology, and studying various industrial processes involving liquid jets.
Tips: Enter surface tension in N/m and jet diameter in meters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What is surface tension?
A: Surface tension is a physical property of liquids where the surface molecules are drawn together, creating a "skin" effect that minimizes surface area.
Q2: Why does pressure increase with smaller jet diameter?
A: According to the formula P = 2σ/d, pressure is inversely proportional to diameter. Smaller diameters result in higher pressure due to increased curvature of the liquid surface.
Q3: What are typical values for surface tension?
A: Water at room temperature has surface tension of about 0.072 N/m. Other liquids range from 0.02 N/m (ethanol) to 0.465 N/m (mercury).
Q4: Where is this calculation applied in real-world applications?
A: This calculation is used in spray nozzle design, inkjet printing, fuel injection systems, and various industrial processes involving liquid atomization.
Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This formula assumes ideal conditions and may need adjustments for very small diameters, high velocities, or when other forces (like gravity or viscosity) become significant.