Proportionate Velocity Formula:
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Proportionate Velocity is the ratio of velocity when water is partially full to velocity when water is totally full in a circular channel or pipe. It's an important parameter in hydraulic engineering for flow calculations.
The calculator uses the Proportionate Velocity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the velocity ratio based on the central angle of the partially filled circular section, accounting for the geometric properties of circular flow.
Details: Accurate calculation of proportionate velocity is crucial for designing efficient water distribution systems, sewer systems, and irrigation channels. It helps engineers determine flow characteristics in partially filled pipes.
Tips: Enter the central angle in radians. The central angle must be a positive value greater than zero. For degrees, convert to radians first (radians = degrees × π/180).
Q1: What is the range of valid central angle values?
A: The central angle should be between 0 and 2π radians (0-360 degrees) for meaningful results in circular flow calculations.
Q2: How does central angle affect proportionate velocity?
A: As the central angle increases (more filled pipe), the proportionate velocity approaches 1 (full flow velocity). The relationship is non-linear and follows the given formula.
Q3: Can this formula be used for non-circular channels?
A: No, this specific formula is derived for circular cross-sections. Other geometric shapes have different hydraulic relationships.
Q4: What are typical applications of this calculation?
A: This calculation is used in water supply systems, wastewater treatment plants, stormwater management, and irrigation system design.
Q5: Why is the sine function used in this formula?
A: The sine function accounts for the trigonometric relationship between the central angle and the wetted perimeter in circular cross-sections, which affects flow velocity.