1. What is Radial Velocity in Elliptic Orbit?

Radial velocity in an elliptic orbit refers to the component of a satellite's velocity that is directed along the line connecting the satellite to the center of the celestial body. It represents how fast the satellite is moving toward or away from the center of its orbit.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( v_r \) — Radial velocity of satellite (m/s)
• \( h_e \) — Angular momentum of elliptic orbit (m²/s)
• \( r_e \) — Radial position in elliptical orbit (m)

Explanation: The radial velocity is calculated by dividing the angular momentum by the radial position. This relationship comes from the fundamental principles of orbital mechanics.

3. Importance of Radial Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating radial velocity is essential for understanding orbital dynamics, predicting satellite positions, planning orbital maneuvers, and analyzing orbital stability in elliptical orbits.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter angular momentum in m²/s and radial position in meters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is angular momentum in orbital mechanics?
A: Angular momentum is a conserved quantity that describes the rotational motion of an object in orbit. It remains constant throughout the orbit unless external torques act on the system.

Q2: How does radial velocity change in an elliptical orbit?
A: In an elliptical orbit, radial velocity varies throughout the orbit. It is maximum at periapsis (closest approach) and minimum at apoapsis (farthest point), becoming zero at both apsides.

Q3: What are typical units for these measurements?
A: Angular momentum is typically measured in m²/s, radial position in meters, and radial velocity in meters per second (m/s).

Q4: Can this formula be used for circular orbits?
A: Yes, the formula applies to both elliptical and circular orbits. In circular orbits, the radial velocity component is zero as the distance from the center remains constant.

Q5: What factors affect angular momentum in orbits?
A: Angular momentum depends on the satellite's mass, velocity, and distance from the center of the celestial body. It remains constant in the absence of external torques.