Resistivity using Area of X-Section(2-Phase 4-Wire OS) Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ \rho = \frac{2 \times A \times (V_m^2) \times P_{loss} \times (\cos(\Phi))^2}{L \times (P^2)} \]

Area of Overhead AC Wire (A):

m²

Maximum Voltage Overhead AC (Vm):

Line Losses (Ploss):

Phase Difference (Φ):

rad

Length of Overhead AC Wire (L):

Power Transmitted (P):

Resistivity (ρ):

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1. What is the Resistivity Calculation?

The resistivity calculation determines how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current through it. This specific formula calculates resistivity for a 2-Phase 4-Wire Overhead System based on various electrical parameters.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{2 \times A \times (V_m^2) \times P_{loss} \times (\cos(\Phi))^2}{L \times (P^2)} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
\( A \) — Area of Overhead AC Wire (m²)
\( V_m \) — Maximum Voltage Overhead AC (V)
\( P_{loss} \) — Line Losses (W)
\( \Phi \) — Phase Difference (rad)
\( L \) — Length of Overhead AC Wire (m)
\( P \) — Power Transmitted (W)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the relationship between power transmission parameters and material resistivity in overhead AC systems.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Accurate resistivity calculation is crucial for designing efficient power transmission systems, selecting appropriate conductor materials, and minimizing energy losses in overhead power lines.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units (area in m², voltage in V, losses in W, phase in radians, length in m, power in W). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is resistivity important in power transmission?
A: Resistivity determines how much energy will be lost as heat during power transmission, affecting overall system efficiency.

Q2: What are typical resistivity values for common conductors?
A: Copper: ~1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Aluminum: ~2.82×10⁻⁸ Ω·m, Silver: ~1.59×10⁻⁸ Ω·m at 20°C.

Q3: How does temperature affect resistivity?
A: Resistivity generally increases with temperature for most conductors due to increased atomic vibrations.

Q4: What is the significance of the phase difference in this calculation?
A: Phase difference affects the power factor, which influences the actual power delivered and the resulting losses in the system.

Q5: Can this formula be used for DC systems?
A: No, this specific formula is designed for AC systems where phase difference and power factor considerations are relevant.