Resistivity using Line Losses (1-Phase 2-Wire Mid-Point Earthed) Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ \rho = \frac{P_{loss} \times A}{2 \times L \times I^2} \]

Line Losses (P_loss):

Watt

Area of Underground AC Wire (A):

m²

Length of Underground AC Wire (L):

Meter

Current Underground AC (I):

Ampere

Resistivity (ρ):

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1. What is Resistivity?

Resistivity is the measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of current through them. It is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{P_{loss} \times A}{2 \times L \times I^2} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
\( P_{loss} \) — Line Losses (Watt)
\( A \) — Area of Underground AC Wire (m²)
\( L \) — Length of Underground AC Wire (Meter)
\( I \) — Current Underground AC (Ampere)

Explanation: This formula calculates the resistivity of a material based on power losses, cross-sectional area, length of the conductor, and the current flowing through it.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Accurate resistivity calculation is crucial for selecting appropriate materials for electrical wiring, designing efficient power transmission systems, and minimizing energy losses in electrical circuits.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line losses in watts, area in square meters, length in meters, and current in amperes. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What factors affect resistivity?
A: Resistivity depends on the material's composition, temperature, and in some cases, pressure and magnetic fields.

Q2: How does temperature affect resistivity?
A: For most conductors, resistivity increases with temperature, while for semiconductors and insulators, it typically decreases with temperature.

Q3: What are typical resistivity values for common materials?
A: Silver has the lowest resistivity (~1.59×10⁻⁸ Ω·m), followed by copper (~1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m), while materials like rubber can have resistivities as high as 10¹³-10¹⁶ Ω·m.

Q4: Why is resistivity important in electrical engineering?
A: Resistivity helps engineers select appropriate materials for specific applications, calculate power losses, and design efficient electrical systems.

Q5: How is resistivity different from resistance?
A: Resistivity is an intrinsic property of a material, while resistance depends on both the material's resistivity and its physical dimensions (length and cross-sectional area).