Resistivity Using Line Losses(Two-Wire One Conductor Earthed) Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ \rho = \frac{P_{loss} \times A}{2 \times L \times I^2} \]

Line Losses (P_loss):

Watt

Area of Overhead DC Wire (A):

m²

Length of Wire DC (L):

Meter

Current Overhead DC (I):

Ampere

Resistivity (ρ):

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1. What is Resistivity?

Resistivity is the measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of current through them. It is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{P_{loss} \times A}{2 \times L \times I^2} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Resistivity (Ω·m)
\( P_{loss} \) — Line Losses (Watt)
\( A \) — Area of Overhead DC Wire (m²)
\( L \) — Length of Wire DC (Meter)
\( I \) — Current Overhead DC (Ampere)

Explanation: This formula calculates the resistivity of a material based on power losses, cross-sectional area, length of the wire, and current flowing through it in a two-wire one conductor earthed system.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation

Details: Calculating resistivity is crucial for selecting appropriate materials for electrical conductors, designing efficient electrical systems, and minimizing energy losses in power transmission.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter line losses in watts, area in square meters, length in meters, and current in amperes. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What factors affect resistivity?
A: Resistivity depends on the material's composition, temperature, and in some cases, pressure and magnetic fields.

Q2: How does temperature affect resistivity?
A: For most conductors, resistivity increases with temperature, while for semiconductors and insulators, it typically decreases with temperature.

Q3: What are typical resistivity values for common materials?
A: Silver has the lowest resistivity (~1.59×10⁻⁸ Ω·m), followed by copper (~1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m), while materials like rubber can have resistivity as high as 10¹³-10¹⁶ Ω·m.

Q4: Why is the two-wire one conductor earthed system used?
A: This system provides a return path through the earth, reducing the need for a separate return conductor and making it cost-effective for certain applications.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation method?
A: The calculation provides a good estimate but may not account for all real-world factors like temperature variations, skin effect, or proximity effects in AC systems.