1. What is Sending End Current?

Sending end current is the current at the sending end of a long transmission line. It is calculated considering the propagation constant, length of the line, receiving end current, receiving end voltage, and characteristic impedance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( I_s \) — Sending end current (A)
• \( I_r \) — Receiving end current (A)
• \( \gamma \) — Propagation constant
• \( L \) — Length of the transmission line (m)
• \( V_r \) — Receiving end voltage (V)
• \( Z_0 \) — Characteristic impedance (Ω)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the hyperbolic functions to calculate the sending end current in a long transmission line.

3. Importance of Sending End Current Calculation

Details: Accurate calculation of sending end current is crucial for designing and operating transmission lines, ensuring stability, and preventing overloads.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in the required units. Ensure all inputs are positive and valid.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of propagation constant?
A: The propagation constant determines how the signal attenuates and shifts phase along the transmission line.

Q2: Why are hyperbolic functions used?
A: Hyperbolic functions (sinh and cosh) are used to model the behavior of long transmission lines accurately.

Q3: What is characteristic impedance?
A: Characteristic impedance is the ratio of voltage to current in a wave propagating along the transmission line.

Q4: How does length affect the sending end current?
A: Longer lines have more attenuation and phase shift, affecting the sending end current.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for short transmission lines?
A: This formula is specifically for long transmission lines. Short lines may use simplified models.