1. What is Settling Velocity?

Settling velocity refers to the terminal velocity of a particle in still fluid. It's the constant speed that a particle eventually reaches when the resistance of the fluid equals the gravitational force acting on the particle.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Settling Velocity formula:

Where:

• \( V_s \) — Settling Velocity (m/s)
• \( G \) — Specific Gravity of Particle (unitless)
• \( G_f \) — Specific Gravity of Fluid (unitless)
• \( D \) — Diameter of particle (meters)

Explanation: This formula calculates the terminal settling velocity of spherical particles in a fluid at 10°C, accounting for the density difference between particle and fluid, and the particle size.

3. Importance of Settling Velocity Calculation

Details: Settling velocity calculations are crucial in various engineering applications including sedimentation processes, water treatment, mineral processing, and environmental studies of particle transport in fluids.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter specific gravity values (unitless), and diameter in meters. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator assumes spherical particles and fluid temperature of 10°C.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is this formula specific to 10°C?
A: The constant 418 incorporates fluid properties (viscosity and density) that are temperature-dependent. This value is calibrated for water at 10°C.

Q2: What are typical settling velocity values?
A: Settling velocities vary widely depending on particle size and density difference. They can range from millimeters per second for fine sediments to meters per second for larger, denser particles.

Q3: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula is valid for spherical particles settling in water at 10°C under laminar flow conditions (low Reynolds numbers).

Q4: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The formula assumes spherical particles, still fluid, and laminar flow conditions. It may not be accurate for non-spherical particles or turbulent conditions.

Q5: How does temperature affect settling velocity?
A: Temperature affects fluid viscosity and density. Higher temperatures generally reduce viscosity, which can increase settling velocity for the same particle characteristics.