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Settling Velocity Formula:
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Settling Velocity is defined as the terminal velocity of a particle in still fluid. It represents the constant speed that a particle achieves when the gravitational force pulling it downward is balanced by the drag force and buoyancy acting upward.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates settling velocity by dividing the flow velocity by the length to depth ratio of the sedimentation tank.
Details: Calculating settling velocity is crucial in sedimentation tank design and operation. It helps determine the efficiency of particle removal, optimal tank dimensions, and ensures proper treatment of water and wastewater by allowing adequate time for particles to settle.
Tips: Enter flow velocity in m/s and length to depth ratio (dimensionless). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What factors affect settling velocity?
A: Settling velocity is affected by particle size, density, fluid viscosity, and gravitational acceleration.
Q2: How is length to depth ratio determined?
A: Length to depth ratio is calculated by dividing the length of the sedimentation tank by its depth (L/H).
Q3: What are typical values for settling velocity?
A: Settling velocity varies widely depending on particle characteristics, ranging from 0.001 m/s for fine silt to 0.1 m/s for coarse sand.
Q4: Why is settling velocity important in environmental engineering?
A: It's essential for designing effective sedimentation basins in water treatment plants and predicting particle behavior in natural water bodies.
Q5: Can this formula be used for all particle types?
A: This specific formula relates to tank geometry. For individual particle settling, Stokes' law or other settling equations may be more appropriate depending on Reynolds number.