Specific Gravity Given Maximum Critical Scour Velocity Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ \text{Specific Gravity of Particle} = \left(\frac{\text{Maximum Critical Scour Velocity}}{4.5 \times \sqrt{\text{Acceleration due to Gravity} \times \text{Diameter of Particle}}}\right)^2 + 1 \]

Specific Gravity of Particle:

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1. What is the Specific Gravity of Particle?

The Specific Gravity of Particle is the ratio of density of particle to density of standard material. It is a dimensionless quantity that indicates how dense a particle is compared to a reference substance (typically water).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \text{Specific Gravity of Particle} = \left(\frac{\text{Maximum Critical Scour Velocity}}{4.5 \times \sqrt{\text{Acceleration due to Gravity} \times \text{Diameter of Particle}}}\right)^2 + 1 \]

Where:

Maximum Critical Scour Velocity — Maximum settling velocity (m/s)
Acceleration due to Gravity — Gravitational acceleration (m/s²)
Diameter of Particle — Size of sediment particles (m)

Explanation: This formula calculates the specific gravity of particles based on their maximum critical scour velocity, gravitational acceleration, and particle diameter.

3. Importance of Specific Gravity Calculation

Details: Calculating specific gravity is crucial in sediment transport studies, hydraulic engineering, and environmental science. It helps determine particle behavior in fluid flows and is essential for designing erosion control measures and sediment management systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter maximum critical scour velocity in m/s, acceleration due to gravity in m/s² (default is 9.8 m/s²), and diameter of particle in meters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is maximum critical scour velocity?
A: Maximum critical scour velocity is the highest flow velocity at which sediment particles begin to move or be eroded from a surface.

Q2: Why is specific gravity important in sediment transport?
A: Specific gravity determines how easily particles can be transported by fluid flows. Higher specific gravity particles require higher flow velocities to be moved.

Q3: What is the typical range of specific gravity for sediment particles?
A: Most natural sediment particles have specific gravity values between 2.5 and 2.7, with quartz sand typically around 2.65.

Q4: Can this formula be used for all types of particles?
A: This formula works best for spherical or near-spherical particles. Irregularly shaped particles may require additional correction factors.

Q5: How does particle diameter affect the specific gravity calculation?
A: Larger diameter particles generally result in lower specific gravity values when other parameters remain constant, as they require higher velocities to be moved.