1. What is the Modified Hazen's Equation?

The Modified Hazen's Equation calculates the specific gravity of sediment particles based on their settling velocity, diameter, and fluid temperature. It provides a reliable method for determining the density ratio of sediment particles to water in various environmental and engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Modified Hazen's Equation:

Where:

• \( G \) — Specific Gravity of Sediment
• \( v_s \) — Settling Velocity (m/s)
• \( D \) — Diameter (m)
• \( T \) — Temperature (K)

Explanation: The equation accounts for the relationship between particle settling characteristics and fluid properties, providing an accurate estimation of sediment specific gravity.

3. Importance of Specific Gravity Calculation

Details: Accurate specific gravity estimation is crucial for sediment transport studies, water treatment processes, environmental monitoring, and hydraulic engineering design. It helps determine particle behavior in fluid systems and influences sedimentation rates.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter settling velocity in m/s, diameter in meters, and temperature in Kelvin. All values must be positive and valid for accurate calculation results.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is specific gravity of sediment?
A: Specific gravity of sediment is the ratio of the density of sediment particles to the density of water, indicating how much heavier the particles are compared to water.

Q2: Why is temperature important in this calculation?
A: Temperature affects fluid viscosity and density, which influence the settling velocity of particles and therefore the calculated specific gravity.

Q3: What are typical specific gravity values for sediment?
A: Most mineral sediments have specific gravity values between 2.5-2.7, while organic sediments typically range from 1.2-1.8.

Q4: When should this equation be used?
A: This equation is particularly useful in water treatment, sediment transport studies, and environmental engineering applications where particle settling characteristics need to be determined.

Q5: Are there limitations to this equation?
A: The equation works best for spherical particles in laminar flow conditions and may require adjustments for irregularly shaped particles or turbulent flow conditions.