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Liquid Specific Weight, also known as the unit weight, is the weight per unit volume of the liquid. For example, the specific weight of water on Earth at 4°C is 9.807 kN/m³ or 62.43 lbf/ft³.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula calculates the specific weight of a liquid based on the boundary shear stress, hydraulic radius, and bed slope in open channel flow.
Details: Calculating liquid specific weight is crucial for hydraulic engineering applications, including open channel flow analysis, sediment transport studies, and the design of hydraulic structures.
Tips: Enter shear stress in Pascals, hydraulic radius in meters, and bed slope as a dimensionless value. All values must be positive and non-zero.
Q1: What is the difference between specific weight and density?
A: Specific weight is weight per unit volume (N/m³), while density is mass per unit volume (kg/m³). They are related by the gravitational acceleration: γ = ρ × g.
Q2: How does temperature affect liquid specific weight?
A: Temperature affects liquid specific weight through thermal expansion. As temperature increases, most liquids expand, decreasing their density and specific weight.
Q3: What are typical specific weight values for common liquids?
A: Water at 4°C: 9.807 kN/m³, Mercury: 133.7 kN/m³, Gasoline: 6.6-7.5 kN/m³, Sea water: 10.03-10.05 kN/m³.
Q4: Why is hydraulic radius important in this calculation?
A: Hydraulic radius represents the efficiency of the channel cross-section in conveying fluid and is a key parameter in open channel flow calculations.
Q5: Can this formula be used for all types of fluids?
A: This formula is primarily used for Newtonian fluids in open channel flow. For non-Newtonian fluids or closed conduit flow, different formulas may be required.