1. What is Surface Tension?

Surface Tension is a physical property of liquids where the surface behaves like an elastic membrane. It is caused by the cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the surface interface.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \sigma \) — Surface Tension (Newton per Meter)
• \( p_i \) — Internal Pressure Intensity (Pascal)
• \( r_t \) — Radius of Tube (Meter)

Explanation: This formula calculates the surface tension of a liquid jet based on the internal pressure intensity and the radius of the tube.

3. Importance of Surface Tension Calculation

Details: Surface tension calculations are important in fluid mechanics, chemical engineering, and various industrial applications where liquid behavior at interfaces is critical.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter internal pressure intensity in Pascal and radius of tube in meters. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What factors affect surface tension?
A: Surface tension is affected by temperature, the nature of the liquid, and the presence of impurities or surfactants.

Q2: What are typical surface tension values?
A: Water at 20°C has a surface tension of approximately 0.072 N/m, while mercury has about 0.465 N/m.

Q3: How does temperature affect surface tension?
A: Surface tension generally decreases with increasing temperature as molecular kinetic energy increases.

Q4: What are some practical applications of surface tension?
A: Applications include capillary action, droplet formation, soap bubbles, and various industrial processes like coating and printing.

Q5: Can this formula be used for all liquids?
A: This specific formula applies to liquid jets and may have limitations for other configurations or non-Newtonian fluids.