Tangential Stress In Thin Cylinder Given Internal Pressure Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ \sigma_{tang} = \frac{P_i \times d_i}{2 \times t_w} \]

Internal Pressure On Cylinder (P_i):

Pascal

Inner Diameter Of Pressurized Cylinder (d_i):

Meter

Thickness Of Pressurized Cylinder Wall (t_w):

Meter

Tangential Stress In Pressurized Cylinder (σ_tang):

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1. What Is Tangential Stress In Pressurized Cylinder?

Tangential stress in pressurized cylinder is the stress experienced by the cylinder walls when the direction of the deforming force is perpendicular to central axis. It represents the hoop stress that develops in cylindrical vessels under internal pressure.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \sigma_{tang} = \frac{P_i \times d_i}{2 \times t_w} \]

Where:

\( \sigma_{tang} \) — Tangential stress in pressurized cylinder (Pascal)
\( P_i \) — Internal pressure on cylinder (Pascal)
\( d_i \) — Inner diameter of pressurized cylinder (Meter)
\( t_w \) — Thickness of pressurized cylinder wall (Meter)

Explanation: This formula calculates the circumferential or hoop stress in a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel subjected to internal pressure.

3. Importance Of Tangential Stress Calculation

Details: Calculating tangential stress is crucial for designing pressure vessels, pipes, and cylindrical containers to ensure they can withstand internal pressure without failure. It helps determine the required wall thickness for safe operation.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter internal pressure in Pascal, inner diameter in meters, and wall thickness in meters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between tangential and longitudinal stress?
A: Tangential stress acts circumferentially around the cylinder, while longitudinal stress acts along the length of the cylinder. Tangential stress is typically twice the longitudinal stress in thin-walled cylinders.

Q2: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula is valid for thin-walled cylinders where the wall thickness is less than about 1/10 of the inner diameter.

Q3: What are typical units for these calculations?
A: While Pascal is the SI unit, engineering applications often use MPa (megaPascals) or psi (pounds per square inch) for pressure, and millimeters or inches for dimensions.

Q4: How does material strength relate to tangential stress?
A: The calculated tangential stress must be less than the yield strength or allowable stress of the material with an appropriate safety factor.

Q5: What happens if the wall thickness is too small?
A: If the wall thickness is insufficient for the internal pressure, the cylinder may experience excessive deformation or catastrophic failure due to yielding or bursting.