Temperature At Outside Surface Of Tube Given Heat Transfer Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ T_2 = \frac{q \cdot x}{k \cdot SA} + T_3 \]

Heat Transfer (q):

Watt

Tube Thickness (x):

Meter

Thermal Conductivity (k):

Watt per Meter per K

Surface Area (SA):

Square Meter

Inside Surface Temperature (T3):

Kelvin

Outside Surface Temperature (T2):

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1. What is the Outside Surface Temperature Formula?

The formula calculates the outside surface temperature of a tube given heat transfer rate, tube thickness, thermal conductivity, surface area, and inside surface temperature. It's derived from Fourier's law of heat conduction through cylindrical walls.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ T_2 = \frac{q \cdot x}{k \cdot SA} + T_3 \]

Where:

\( T_2 \) — Outside Surface Temperature (Kelvin)
\( q \) — Heat Transfer (Watt)
\( x \) — Tube Thickness (Meter)
\( k \) — Thermal Conductivity (Watt per Meter per K)
\( SA \) — Surface Area (Square Meter)
\( T_3 \) — Inside Surface Temperature (Kelvin)

Explanation: The formula calculates the temperature difference across the tube wall based on heat transfer rate and material properties, then adds it to the inside temperature.

3. Importance of Temperature Calculation

Details: Accurate temperature calculation is crucial for thermal analysis, heat exchanger design, insulation requirements, and preventing material failure due to thermal stress.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in appropriate units. Heat transfer, tube thickness, thermal conductivity, and surface area must be positive values. Temperature can be in Kelvin or Celsius (but must be consistent).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of thermal conductivity?
A: Thermal conductivity determines how well a material conducts heat. Higher values mean better heat conduction and smaller temperature differences.

Q2: How does tube thickness affect outside temperature?
A: Thicker tubes create greater thermal resistance, leading to larger temperature differences between inside and outside surfaces.

Q3: Can this formula be used for non-cylindrical surfaces?
A: This specific formula is derived for cylindrical tubes. For flat surfaces, different formulas apply.

Q4: What assumptions are made in this calculation?
A: The calculation assumes steady-state heat transfer, constant thermal conductivity, and uniform temperature distribution.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation for real-world applications?
A: While providing good estimates, real-world factors like surface roughness, convection effects, and variable material properties may affect accuracy.