Time Interval Between Successive Ordinates Given Direct Runoff Depth Calculator

Time Interval Formula:

\[ \Delta t = \frac{A_{HA} \times S_r}{0.36 \times \Sigma O} \]

Catchment Area for Hydrograph Analysis (A_HA):

m²

Surface Runoff (S_r):

m³/s

Sum of Ordinates (ΣO):

m³/s

Time Interval (Δt):

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1. What is the Time Interval Between Successive Ordinates?

The Time Interval between Successive Ordinates refers to the time difference between consecutive measurement points in hydrograph analysis. It's a crucial parameter in hydrological studies for understanding the timing and distribution of surface runoff in a catchment area.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \Delta t = \frac{A_{HA} \times S_r}{0.36 \times \Sigma O} \]

Where:

\( \Delta t \) — Time Interval between successive ordinates (seconds)
\( A_{HA} \) — Catchment Area for Hydrograph Analysis (m²)
\( S_r \) — Surface Runoff (m³/s)
\( \Sigma O \) — Sum of Ordinates of direct runoff (m³/s)

Explanation: This formula calculates the time interval based on the relationship between catchment area, surface runoff, and the sum of ordinates in hydrograph analysis.

3. Importance of Time Interval Calculation

Details: Accurate time interval calculation is essential for proper hydrograph analysis, flood forecasting, water resource management, and designing hydraulic structures. It helps in understanding the temporal distribution of runoff in a watershed.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter catchment area in square meters, surface runoff in cubic meters per second, and sum of ordinates in cubic meters per second. All values must be positive and greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a hydrograph in hydrological analysis?
A: A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow.

Q2: Why is the time interval important in hydrograph analysis?
A: The time interval determines the temporal resolution of the hydrograph, affecting the accuracy of flood peak estimation and runoff volume calculations.

Q3: What factors affect the time interval between ordinates?
A: Factors include catchment size, slope, land use, soil type, rainfall intensity, and antecedent moisture conditions.

Q4: How does catchment area influence the time interval?
A: Larger catchment areas generally result in longer time intervals due to increased travel time for water to reach the outlet.

Q5: What are typical time interval values in hydrograph analysis?
A: Time intervals can range from minutes for small urban catchments to hours or days for large river basins, depending on the specific hydrological characteristics.