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Unit Flow Per Discharge Formula:
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Unit Discharge For Hydraulic Turbine is the discharge or the outflow of the fluid from the turbine working at 1m head. It represents the normalized flow rate that allows for comparison of turbine performance across different operating conditions.
The calculator uses the Unit Flow Per Discharge formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula normalizes the actual turbine discharge by the square root of the effective head, providing a standardized measure of turbine flow performance.
Details: Calculating unit discharge is crucial for hydraulic turbine design, performance analysis, and comparison. It helps engineers evaluate turbine efficiency and optimize hydraulic system design across different operating conditions.
Tips: Enter discharge in m³/s and effective head in meters. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: What is the physical significance of unit discharge?
A: Unit discharge represents the flow rate that would occur if the turbine were operating under a 1-meter head, allowing for standardized performance comparison.
Q2: How does effective head affect unit discharge?
A: Higher effective heads result in lower unit discharge values for the same actual discharge, as the flow is normalized by the square root of the head.
Q3: What are typical unit discharge values for different turbine types?
A: Unit discharge values vary by turbine type - Francis turbines typically range from 0.15-0.30 m³/s, while Kaplan turbines may range from 0.30-0.45 m³/s.
Q4: Can this formula be used for all types of hydraulic turbines?
A: Yes, the unit discharge concept applies to all reaction turbines (Francis, Kaplan, propeller) and can be useful for comparing performance characteristics.
Q5: How is unit discharge related to specific speed?
A: Unit discharge is one of the parameters used in calculating specific speed, which is a dimensionless number characterizing turbine performance and geometry.