1. What Is Velocity Distribution In Rough Turbulent Flow?

Velocity distribution in rough turbulent flow describes how fluid velocity varies with height above a rough boundary in turbulent flow conditions. This mathematical model helps predict flow characteristics in various engineering applications.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the velocity distribution formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Average velocity in vertical (m/s)
• \( v_{shear} \) — Shear velocity (m/s)
• \( y \) — Height above bed (m)
• \( k_s \) — Equivalent sand-grain roughness (m)

Explanation: This formula calculates the average velocity at a given height above a rough boundary in turbulent flow, accounting for the logarithmic velocity profile characteristic of turbulent boundary layers.

3. Importance Of Velocity Distribution Calculation

Details: Accurate velocity distribution calculation is crucial for hydraulic engineering, sediment transport studies, river morphology analysis, and designing water conveyance systems.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter shear velocity in m/s, height above bed in meters, and equivalent sand-grain roughness in meters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is shear velocity?
A: Shear velocity, also called friction velocity, is a form by which shear stress may be re-written in units of velocity, representing the flow's ability to transport sediment.

Q2: How is equivalent sand-grain roughness determined?
A: Equivalent sand-grain roughness is an empirical parameter that represents the roughness characteristics of a surface, typically determined through experimental measurements.

Q3: When is this formula applicable?
A: This formula applies to fully developed turbulent flow over rough boundaries, typically in open channel flow and boundary layer flow situations.

Q4: What are the limitations of this formula?
A: The formula assumes fully turbulent flow, homogeneous roughness, and may not accurately represent flow very close to the boundary or in transitional flow regimes.

Q5: How does roughness affect velocity distribution?
A: Increased roughness typically reduces flow velocities near the boundary and alters the velocity profile, affecting overall flow resistance and sediment transport capacity.