Velocity At Section 2-2 For Sudden Enlargement Calculator

Formula Used:

\[ V_2' = V_1' - \sqrt{h_e \times 2 \times [g]} \]

Velocity of Fluid at Section 2 (V₂'):

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1. What is the Velocity at Section 2-2 for Sudden Enlargement Formula?

The formula calculates the velocity of fluid at section 2 after a sudden enlargement in a pipe. It accounts for the energy loss due to the sudden change in cross-sectional area and helps determine the resulting velocity at the downstream section.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ V_2' = V_1' - \sqrt{h_e \times 2 \times [g]} \]

Where:

\( V_2' \) — Velocity of fluid at section 2 (m/s)
\( V_1' \) — Velocity of fluid at section 1 (m/s)
\( h_e \) — Loss of head due to sudden enlargement (m)
\( [g] \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.80665 m/s²)

Explanation: The formula calculates the velocity at section 2 by subtracting the velocity reduction caused by the head loss from the initial velocity at section 1.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Accurate velocity calculation is crucial for pipe system design, energy loss analysis, and ensuring proper fluid flow characteristics in hydraulic systems with sudden enlargements.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter velocity at section 1 in m/s and loss of head due to sudden enlargement in meters. All values must be non-negative.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What causes head loss in sudden enlargement?
A: Head loss occurs due to energy dissipation from turbulence and flow separation when fluid suddenly expands into a larger cross-sectional area.

Q2: How accurate is this formula?
A: The formula provides a good approximation for turbulent flow conditions typically found in pipe systems with sudden enlargements.

Q3: Can this formula be used for compressible fluids?
A: This formula is primarily designed for incompressible fluids. For compressible fluids, additional factors need to be considered.

Q4: What are typical values for head loss in sudden enlargements?
A: Head loss values depend on the ratio of cross-sectional areas and flow velocity, typically ranging from a few centimeters to several meters of head loss.

Q5: How does this relate to the Borda-Carnot equation?
A: This formula is derived from energy conservation principles similar to those used in the Borda-Carnot equation for sudden expansions.