1. What is Velocity While Running Full?

Velocity While Running Full refers to the speed of fluid flow in a pipe when it's completely filled, influenced by pipe slope and roughness. It represents the rate at which fluid moves through the entire cross-section of the pipe.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V \) — Velocity While Running Full (m/s)
• \( Q \) — Discharge when Pipe is Running Full (m³/s)
• \( A \) — Area of Running Full Sewers (m²)

Explanation: This formula calculates the velocity of fluid flow by dividing the volumetric discharge rate by the cross-sectional area of the pipe.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating velocity in full-flowing pipes is essential for designing efficient drainage systems, ensuring proper scouring action to prevent sediment deposition, and optimizing pipe sizing for various flow conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter discharge in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What factors affect velocity in pipes?
A: Pipe slope, roughness, diameter, and fluid properties all influence flow velocity in pipes.

Q2: What is the typical velocity range for sewer pipes?
A: Typically 0.6-3 m/s to maintain self-cleansing velocity while avoiding excessive erosion.

Q3: How does pipe material affect velocity?
A: Smoother materials (like PVC) allow higher velocities with less friction loss compared to rougher materials (like concrete).

Q4: Why is maintaining minimum velocity important?
A: Minimum velocity (usually 0.6 m/s) prevents sediment deposition and ensures self-cleansing action in sewer systems.

Q5: Can this formula be used for partially full pipes?
A: No, this formula specifically applies to pipes running full. Partially full flow requires different hydraulic calculations.