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Voltage gain is defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage in an amplifier circuit. It is a key parameter that determines the amplification capability of electronic devices.
The calculator uses the formula:
Where:
Explanation: The negative sign indicates phase inversion in common-emitter amplifier configurations. Transconductance represents how effectively the input voltage controls the output current, while collector resistance converts this current to voltage at the output.
Details: Accurate voltage gain calculation is crucial for designing amplifier circuits, predicting signal amplification, and ensuring proper circuit performance in various electronic applications.
Tips: Enter transconductance in Siemens and collector resistance in Ohms. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero for accurate calculation.
Q1: Why is the voltage gain negative?
A: The negative sign indicates that the output signal is 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal in common-emitter amplifier configurations.
Q2: What is typical transconductance value range?
A: Transconductance values typically range from microsiemens (μS) to millisiemens (mS) depending on the transistor type and operating conditions.
Q3: How does collector resistance affect voltage gain?
A: Higher collector resistance increases voltage gain but may reduce bandwidth and maximum output swing due to increased voltage drop.
Q4: Can this formula be used for all amplifier types?
A: This formula is specifically for common-emitter amplifier configurations. Other amplifier types (common-base, common-collector) have different gain formulas.
Q5: What are practical limitations of this calculation?
A: This simplified formula doesn't account for Early effect, parasitic capacitances, temperature variations, or loading effects from subsequent stages.